Company logistic analysis and drawbacks and recomendation Research Proposal

Company logistic analysis and drawbacks and recomendation - Research Proposal Example The company is listed on the New York stock exchange and in the doe Jones. The company enjoys good revenue. In the finical year of 2011, the company made a profit of 3.9 billion and their gross sales were up to 70.4 billion. The company’s stocks enjoy good ratings and trading in the stock exchange. The dividends paid for the stocks are good and shareholders enjoy many benefits that come with the strength of the stocks (Burritt). In the year 2010, home depot bought a portable device technology. This technology is aimed at easing the process of stocking shelves. It also allows them to keep an eye on customers no matter which part of the store they are in. this has helped a lot in improving customer service. The company is an all rounded company. This is because when customers have money, it allows them to do home improvements more often. This stocking technology has allowed home depot to make huge profits. This technology helps them in knowing which products have been lifted fro m the shelves and need replacement. Because of the positive feedback that they are receiving because of this technology, it is safe to assume that they will invest more in these types of technology. The company is also searching for new technology that will help them stock their shelves better. Factors Leading to its Success Home Depot is aiming at serving customers better. They want to improve customer’s satisfaction so that they can get more revenue in sales. Some of the measures that home depot has undertaken so as to improve their services are, Customer service – continued focus on customer service is driven by philosophies of making an emotive link with the customer. These philosophies are putting the customer first and making the business simple. Home depot has opened new call centers in Utah and Georgia simply to have a more personalized connection with the customers. All these centers have been opened in the last financial year. This has played a major role in increasing the earnings and profit margins for the company. In additions, new wits such as the new arrangement system for secondary and centralized return to seller process has more than 57% of all labor hours dedicated to customer services and by the end of the financial year of 2013 the labor hours will have reached 60%. In addition, other measures will be put in place to ensure complete customer satisfaction. This will lead to increased sales bringing the stock price to a higher price. This will put the stocks in a better position than the previous year. Product authority – focus on product expertise is enabled by selling transformation and a collection of strategies, which are aimed at delivering product novelty, variety and worth. In extension of this approach, new merchandise and importance for both our expertise and D-I-Y client in a variety of divisions are the focus of the approach. In addition, expansion of showrooms to accommodate more products especially the Elect rolux, whirlpool and Frigidaire will help in helping these brands to move and reach more consumers. This is because of the exposure that these brands will have on the open market. Controlled capital distribution, efficiency and competence – the tactic to driving productivity and effectiveness is advanced through nonstop operational upgrading, incremental supply chain welfares, disciplined money distributions and expenditure control. Also building shareholder worth through complex

Contractors in the Military Essay Example for Free

Contractors in the Military Essay Going back in time to the Civil War, private contractors can be found, providing support, logistics, and supplies to the military forces. If you think about today’s military bases and approaching the front gate that do you see? Well the first person you see is a private security guard standing there waiting to welcome you to fort whatever. Why don’t you see a Military Police Officer standing there? Simple question right, well it isn’t because the Military is going more and more towards a civilian work force. What does going to basically civilian work force do for those men and women that serve in the United States Military today? Is the government really making the right choice by continuing to use private contractors back home and abroad in war zones today? That is where this paper is going to search out the causes and effects of the use of private contractors or civilian work force in today’s Military. Today’s Military bases are flooded with civilian workforce working for the government as private contractors. The Government today is looking for anyway to cut Military budget and save money. But is using the civilian workforce saving money? Well let’s talk about those security guards at the front gate, let’s say the guard is between a GS 1-3 the average salary for them are seventeen thousand to twenty eight thousand a year. Now look at an Army Military Police Officer e-1 through e-3 which is equivalent to the GS 1-3 the salary for that e-1 through e-3 is between seventeen thousand to twenty thousand dollars a year. So from that little comparison using a private workforce really isn’t saving anyone any money. Let me remind you that doesn’t include years in service. Because more time in the GS ranks you make more money faster. But for that enlisted soldier his money caps after so many years. But everywhere you go you see more and more civilian workforce so there must be a positive side to having civilians work alongside with the Military agencies. Having private contractors work alongside with the Military can take some stress off of units that are deployed down range in combat zones. Those units can focus on their missions at hand and can rely on logistical support and personnel support from basically private security forces downrange. â€Å"For the State Department, armed contractors likewise perform a variety of security tasks†(Isenberg 2009). In comparison to past conflicts the United States was involved in like Gulf War one in which the ratio was one contractor to fifty eight service men. Now let’s jump to the Bosnia conflict where the ration jumped to one to fifth teen. Then you look at Iraq War which the ratio dropped to one to six. So the use of the contractor is becoming more evident in armed conflict zones. So many jobs that the Military gives to the private sector are specific jobs or a â€Å"valuable skill† that is a specific task. So by giving those specific jobs to contractors in war zones al lows the military to provide sustainment abilities on forward bases. â€Å"Then you have to look at the bad side of those private contractors, with the likes of Black Water, and Triple Canopy†(Cotton 2010). Those two companies have been involved in many altercations that put a bad taste in people’s mouth about private companies working in war zones. Each company did many things that caused a lot of crisis for fellow service members while they were deployed in hostile places. These companies go to do a job get paid more by our United States Government then goes and does hostile acts against the other country, that puts many other people not just service members in harm way. So why should the DOD pay people like this? Well that is just the great debate. So with the government in war still in Afghanistan, why do we continue to rely on so many private companies, well that is because of those vital assets those people offer. So if the government would put a little more faith in the Military Services we have and train. We could start working on the costs of what is spent while we are at war. Even though it would be great to limit the use of contractors, the use of the contractors just needs to be limited in certain ways. Keep using the ones that are needed to assist in logistical support and aid in missions to assist. Try and stop the use of the ones in war zones running missions could improve on the government spending, let those people that serve in the Military keep running those missions, because that is what enlisted do serve our country. Works Cited ISENBERG, DAVID. Shadow Force. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2009. Praeger Security International Online. 1 Jan 2013.

The Tempest as Shakespeares Resignation Speech -- Tempest essays

The Tempest as Shakespeare's Resignation Speech      Ã‚  Ã‚   In Shakespeare's, The Tempest, the character Prospero is in many ways similar to Shakespeare himself at the time he wrote the play.   Prospero, having entertained himself with his magic for most of his life, now gives up his powers as he seems to understand that his magic is no more and no less than life itself :   it is just as transitory and hollow.   This seems to reflect on Shakespeare's attitude toward play writing.   Having spent his life writing plays and being entertained by his own employment, Shakespeare finds that his plays, while they explore the themes of life and relationship, are finally no more meaningful than life itself seems to a man who must have been feeling his mortality.   The Tempest is Shakespeare's resignation speech.   Having found that his 'magic' has failed him, Shakespeare is retiring to the real world, for if nothing of meaning is to be gained in play writing, then all that is left is to be human.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First, look at Prospero's final decision in the play.   He is capable of returning to Milan and ruling it while keeping his magical power - he does not have to choose between the two - and he abandons his power.   Just as Shakespeare was not forced to quit writing, Prospero is not forced to abandon his magic.   In addition, Shakespeare specifically has Prospero tell us : "My charms crack not, my spirits obey, ..." ( V.i 2 ).   Shakespeare means to tell the audience he is not quitting because his ability as a writer is lessening at all, but specifically tells us through Prospero that he is at his peak and is completely in command of his art.   There is no other obvious thematic or plot-development reason why Prospero should specifically ... ...total lack of morality, or Hotspur's view of absolute honor, had some doubt to it, or could be thought of differently.   Prospero's argument here is irrefutable.   Nothing he presents is in any way 'iffy' or doubtable.   This is Shakespeare's final conclusion : plays, like life, fade into nothing, and nothing is left worth doing but to be what we are: human, and mortal.    Works Cited and Consulted:    Bloom, Harold. Modern Critical Interpretations: William Shakespeare's The Tempest. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1997.    Davidson, Frank. "The Tempest: An Interpretation." In The Tempest: A Casebook. Ed. D.J. Palmer. London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd., 1968. 225.    Shakespeare, William, 1998.   The Tempest.   Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1998    Webster, Margaret. Shakespeare Without Tears. Greenwich: Fawcett Publications, Inc., 1996.

Abuse :: Essays Papers

Abuse â€Å"Brenda Spencer fired forty shots at San Diego school children, fatally wounding two and injuring nine others, neighbors later informed police that Spencer had repeatedly abused dogs and cats often setting their tails on fire† (Finch 1). The situation of Spencer of abuse at a young age and carried on through her adult life. â€Å"Domestic abuse is directed toward the powerless, animal abuse and child abuse often go hand in hand. Parents who neglect an animal’s need for proper care or abuse animals may also abuse or neglect their own children. Some abusive adults who know better than to abuse a child in public have no such qualms about abusing an animal publicly†(PETA). At an early age children are effected throughout their lives by images and situations, and are very fragile in their way of thinking. The emotional impact of right and wrong are very important to the children’s attitude. The harsh images children see when they are young, forces the child to react to images in different ways. The situation of abuse from parents or siblings to a young child can bring out rage, and anger to others or to defenseless animals. Parents have a strong duty to their children when they are at an age of not knowing how to control their actions, and still learning how to express their emotions in a positive way. There are many tips for parents to learn how to control their abuse towards their children. Many times children are not taught properly by their parents and then they impersonate their parents do, such as hitting to solve problems and hurting others to raise self esteem. The children need good role models to tell them what they see is wrong, or right. The Abuse children go through or see when they are young could lead to a child needing to visit a therapists throughout the course of their adult lives. The situation of Brenda Spencer exhibits how much of an impact t hat animal abuse has on their lives as an adult if the child isn’t corrected when they were younger. The impact of animal abuse shows many different situations of people that have been effected by this problem. â€Å"Alberto Desalvo, the self-confessed Boston Strangler who killed thirteen women had, as a youth, trapped dogs and cats in orange crates and shot arrows through the boxes† (Finch 1).

Pygmalion: the Play and Higgins Essay

Pygmalion is a primarily Shavian reworking of Ovid’s Metamorphoses with undertones of Cinderella. Romance and satire dominate both the play’s plot as well as style. Shaw takes a strong central situation–the transformation of a common flower girl into a lady–and surrounds it with superficial trimmings. There is technical innovation in the plot structure since Shaw, under the influence of Ibsen, replaces the stock Victorian formula of exposition, situation and unraveling with exposition, situation and discussion. The plot thus has three distinct stages of development. In the first stage Professor Henry Higgins, who is an expert in phonetics, transforms a common flower girl into an artificial replica of a lady by teaching her how to speak correctly. Prior to this Eliza’s life has been miserable. As a poor flower girl she coaxes money out of prospective customers and is thrilled when she suddenly receives a handful of coins that Higgins throws into her basket. She lacks the capacity to express her feelings articulately and an indiscriminate sound of vowels â€Å"Ah – ah – ow – ow – oo† serves to connote a multitude of emotions ranging from pain, wonder, and fear to delight. However she is not entirely depraved and is at least self-reliant enough to earn her own livelihood by selling flowers. In Act Two Eliza arrives at Higgins’ laboratory at Wimpole Street and haughtily demands that Higgins teach her to speak correctly so that she can become a lady in a flower shop. This desire for financial security and social respectability constitutes a step forward in her larger quest for self- realization. For Higgins Eliza is simply a phonetic experiment, a view that dehumanizes her and results in the creation of an artificial automaton-like replica of a lady. In the second stage of the play the audience encounters an Eliza who has become an artificial duchess. She is no longer a flower girl but is not quite a lady. During Mrs. Higgins’ at-home she proceeds to deliver Lisson Grove gossip with an upper class accent. She is nothing more than a live doll and there is an element of crudity in her parrot-like conversation. The mask of gentility that she wears only partially hides her low class background. Shaw demonstrates here that having fine clothes and the right accent are not enough to make a lady. The fact that the Eynsford-Hills fail to see through her facade implies that they too do not possess true gentility. By the time that Eliza returns after her triumphant society appearance at the Ambassador’s ball, she no longer exhibits this element of crudity. She has benefited from Higgins’s lessons in achieving social poise and has acquired the ability to articulate her thoughts and feelings. She has begun to think for herself and is capable of manipulating any situation to her advantage. The play enters into the third phase of development in Act Four. Eliza now encounters the great moment of truth and reality of her situation. Her education has created in her an intense dissatisfaction with the old way of life and she is not exactly pleased about the avenues open to her as a lady. She realizes that her social acquisitions do not enable her to fulfill her aspirations or even earn a living. She becomes aware of the wide disparity between her desires and the inadequacy of the means for fulfilling them. She repudiates Higgins’ suggestion that she could marry a wealthy husband and wryly comments that earlier â€Å"I sold flowers, I didn’t sell myself† while now that she has been made a lady she isn’t fit to sell anything. She has thrown away her mask and reveals a newfound maturity. She throws Higgins’ slippers at him and thereby breaks free from a life of subjugation and dependence. Critics feel that at this point the play enters into a period of calm and the main impetus of the action dissipates. Eliza’s society appearance has been a tremendous success and after the climatic encounter between Higgins and Eliza in Act Four the dramatic tension disappears. Eliza runs away to Mrs. Higgins and the only issue left is the resolution of her relationship with Higgins. The readers have to agree that the main impetus of the action has disappeared since all the preceding acts had been gearing up for the crucial moment of Eliza’s test. Now Alfred Doolittle’s strategic second appearance performs a resuscitating act for the play in its dying stage. Doolittle’s transformation from a dustman to a gentleman also provides an ironic comment on Eliza’s metamorphosis. After this brief spirit of energy the action returns to the issue at hand – the relationship between Eliza and Higgins. Eliza has developed into a self-sufficient woman and has become a perfect match for Higgins. She has garnered the requisite strength of character and maturity of thought to face life courageously. Gentility has become an integral aspect of her personality. No longer afraid of Higgins, she treats him as an equal. She negates his role in her transformation and insists that it was the Colonel’s generosity and courteous behavior, which truly made her a lady. She rejects Higgins’ proposal that he, she and Pickering live together like old bachelor friends and astounds him by announcing that she will marry Freddy instead and support him by offering herself as an assistant to Nepommuck. Higgins, although hurt at Eliza’s suggestion of assisting the detestable Nepommuck, is nevertheless happy that Eliza is no longer a whining helpless creature but a tower of strength and a woman at last. The play concludes on an uncertain note and the readers do not know whether she might indeed marry Higgins. This reflects Shaw’s inherent distaste for finality. In the majority of his plays the issues and conflicts they deal with are never quite resolved and the audience is left wondering about what will happen after the curtain falls. However Shaw realizing the importance of an ending does provide a resolution in the epilogue. The dramalies neither in the conflict, nor in the discussion or the exposition. The conflict itself arises over the issue of the resolution of the problem. Unless there is a resolution, there is no drama, for the action remains incomplete. Action always has to be completed either comically or tragically. Hence in the epilogue, Shaw resolves the issue by making Eliza marry Freddy Hill. It was typical of Shaw to have provided such an anti-romantic conclusion to the play. Many commentators accuse Shaw of deliberately twisting the natural end of Pygmalion merely to make the play unromantic. But critics would do well to remember that the actual point of ending is not the issue of Eliza’s marriage but her achievement of liberty. While throughout the play Higgins boasts of having transformed a common flower girl into a duchess, after Eliza’s climactic assertion of independence from his domination he remarks, â€Å"I said I’d make a woman of you; and I have. † In this perspective the original ambiguous ending seems preferable to the neat resolution given in the epilogue.

Summaries of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo essays

Summaries of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo essays For 2000 years, Europeans believed earth was at the center of the universe. This is also known as the Ptolemaic theory. Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish astronomer in the late 15thearly 16th century was unsatisfied with the belief that all heavenly bodies revolve around the earth. So in 1512, Copernicus set out to explain the theory of a sun centered universe. Copernicus noticed that the planets varied in brightness and sometimes appeared to move backward in the sky. If the planets were in a perfect circular orbit around the earth, he hypothesized, this should not happen. Although Copernicus was not the first person to discount the Ptolemaic theory, he was the first to introduce a different theory. His belief of a heliocentric solar system seemed very likely to him, but it needed to be proven. So Copernicus devoted many years making astronomical observations in attempt to bolster support for his theory. But Copernicus was reluctant to make his findings known because he feared criticism from Aristotelian traditionalists. It wasnt until the year of his death in 1543 that he did release the results of his research, which was later published: "On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres". Although his findings lacked sufficient mathematical data to definitively prove the planets orbit the sun, he allowed for future astronomers to ext rapolate from his findings and eventually prove the a heliocentric solar system. Johannes Kepler, born 1571 in Germany, is responsible for discovering his three laws of planetary motion during the 16th and 17th centuries. Kepler, a believer in the Copernican theory that the planets orbit the sun, not only helped support the views of Copernicus, but expanded on them by showing planets have elliptical orbits that operate under certain mathematical principles. While Copernicus suggested that the earth was not the center of the universe, he still assumed that the planets had perfectly circular ...

You Will Chose The Topic When You Chose The Source Annotated Bibliography

You Will Chose The Topic When You Chose The Source Annotated Bibliography You Will Chose The Topic When You Chose The Source – Annotated Bibliography Example Annotated Bibliography: Obesity Metaphors Barry, Colleen L; Brescoll, Victoria L; Brownell, Kelly D; and Schlesinger, Mark. Obesity Metaphors: How Beliefs about the Causes of Obesity Affect Support for Public Policy. The Milbank Quarterly, Vol. 87, No. 1, pp. 7 – 47. 2009. Print.The authors aimed to determine how using metaphors would affect different perceptions of individuals that greatly influence the design and implementation of policies targeted to reduce obesity rates in the country. Through initially providing an effective academic background on the use of metaphors in various human interactions and behavior, the authors explained its use for reasoning and its important role in forming public opinion regarding the obesity issue. A study was conducted using the â€Å"Yale Rudd Center Public Opinion on Obesity Survey, in late 2006 through early 2007, to examine Americans’ beliefs regarding obesity† (Barry, Brescoll and Brownell 15). With sixteen policies tha t aim to reduce obesity rates, the findings revealed that the effective use of obesity metaphors proved increasing support of governmental policies that aim to reduce the obesity problem.The article was complete in the discussion of the identified topic. It was likewise effectively structured using appropriate sub-headings and a clear and understandable language. Considerable amounts of secondary sources of authoritative references, totaling 45, supported the arguments within the discussed issues. The use of tabular forms in summarizing results summarized the relevant information, as needed by the readers. For instance Table 5 clearly identified and summarized the metaphors explaining support for the 16 explicitly determined obesity policies (Barry, Brescoll and Brownell 35-36). Appropriate limitations for the study were also noted and implications for applicability were presented.The source is therefore very useful for the current study which aims to determine whether the obesity p roblem is actually a reality or just a myth. Through establishing identified metaphors which influence the design of obesity policies, the findings from the study assisted in confirming the current study’s arguments. However, other authoritative references are needed to finally arrive at the required evidence for the study at hand.Barry, Colleen L, et al. "Obesity Metaphors: How Beliefs about the Causes of Obesity Affect Support for Public Policy." The Milbank Quarterly (2009): Vol. 87, No. 1, pp. 7–47. Print.

Is The Olympics Good for the essays

Is The Olympics Good for the essays Every two years 500,000 spectators flock to one city with pockets full of cash waiting to be spent on a lifetime event. If its not obvious to you, I am talking about the "Olympics": a celebration of athletics, goodwill, and money. For the last 20 years, the Olympics has placed a large emphasis on its marketing and money-making strategies benefiting the host cities. History has shown that hosting the Olympic Games is a huge boost to the economy of any host city. It is evident by profit from the last Olympics and the nation-wide publicity that Torontos economy would increase by hosting the 2008 Olympics. The goal of the modern Olympics is to turn a profit and leave a legacy. The legacy can take many forms such as rejuvenation of physical land, improvement of infrastructure and finally to increase and encourage tourism. A city is only as great as its buildings and communities make it. When the Olympics comes to a city, it is given a chance of a lifetime to use free funding from all levels of government to increase and improve the neighborhoods and skyscrapers. If for instance Toronto did win the bid for the 2008 summer Olympics, our three levels of government would provide funding for land improvements in the Greater Toronto area such as improving the water-front or adding additional housing and workplace buildings. "The city is prepared to spend one point five billion dollars on redeveloping Torontos waterfront to improve conditions in Toronto and get ready for hosting the Olympics." These improvements would create jobs for contractors and other people needed to build while improving the Toronto building and housing situation. The job rate will increase and as more people make money, more money will be spent and put back into the economy. The extra workplace buildings would increase Toronto busin esses. If more spaces were avaliable for rent ,then more business could move into the Greater Toronto area and set up sh...

Theory-Practice Gap Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theory-Practice Gap - Research Paper Example This writing will focus on various measures proposed through which the gap between nursing theoretical frame work and practice can be decreased. Body According to a study conducted by Rolfe, the gap between the theory and practice of nursing is majorly caused because theorists of nursing arena have failed to take into account the real life practices of nurses and health care settings (Rolfe, 1993). He further stated that in order to decrease this gap the theorists need to identify and analyze different nursing situations that take place in real life and base their theories on these situations. He went further to develop a praxis in which what ever happens in practice of nursing is first identified and applied to theory and then theory is created, the created theory is learned in nursing educational settings by nursing students and then applied to real life situations when students transform into practitioners. According to Levin, the gap between nursing theory and practice can be dec reased by allowing a clinical practitioner to guide nursing students while they perform practical tasks during their educational sessions (Levin, 2010). Levin further states that the gap between theory and practice can be reduced by altering the learning and teaching system to constructivist approach while students are under the process of clinical practice educational sessions. When this approach is followed students gain new knowledge by gaining information from the past and present. When this kind of learning approach is applied to the field of nursing, nursing students gain experience by doing what they have learned or learn by doing. Sellman states that the gap between theory and practice is created not by theorists or by students, it is created by the authorities who do not allow the students to practice what they have learned through theory (Sellman, 2010). Sellman suggests that in order to decrease the gap between theory and actual practice, practitioners will have to work a ccording to the situation and have to experience that they do not need to rely on theoretical work in order to practice. This means that nursing students should not try to locate the rationale behind a particular incident taking place; instead they should focus on the cause and effect of practice. While practicing, they should not apply theory, instead they should learn through experience. Wilson in a report named Bridging the theory practice gap states that nursing students experience a gap between what they have learned and what they are practicing because they do not apply what they learn during their educational settings (Wilson, 2008). For this purpose Wilson proposed that while students are under the learning stage they should practice and they should be allowed to practice as nurses. While they will be practicing they will learn through experience and continuous communication with other nursing staff will assist them in gaining more knowledge. This means that students should be allowed to practice with senior nurses as this will help them learn more as they observe other practitioners. This will even assist the health care settings in having enough nursing staff while the demand for nurses are high. Brake in her study states that the gap between nursing practice and theory is caused because nursing students do not attend any other educational arenas other than their own educational setti

The Confessions of Saint Augustine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Confessions of Saint Augustine - Essay Example Saint Augustine’s memories of his indulgence in carnal pleasures and the adolescent pranks of stealing some pears, prompts him to probe the motives behind these sinful acts. In his search for truth, Saint Augustine relates that it was the Manichean explanation of a dualistic universe where good battled evil and their denial of the existence of a single all-powerful God that first attracted him towards their philosophy. His reasoning is that if God is good and He is all powerful, then how can He allow evil to exist? However, when even the Manichean doctrine could not quell his doubts, he turned to the Neo-Platonist philosophy where evil was explained not as a positive reality but as a lack of goodness. The Platonist philosophy taught him to think of spiritual reality and so conceive of God in non-dualistic terms. He finds in Platonism a way to reconcile his pursuit of philosophy with his faith in the Catholic Church. Their theory that God remains eternal and is the creator of a ll things, and all creation finally return to God strikes a chord. However, he was still unhappy because the Platonists liberated him from his erroneous thinking but even they could not help his lack of self-control which was to him very worrisome. He also complains that Platonism does not give praise to God. He was however inspired to turn inwards as the Platonists advised, to have a powerful vision of God. He tried to visualize God but failed to understand how something could exist without occupying space. He also did not find a solution to his question about evil. For a while, he suspected that evil could be the result of human will, but again wondered if God was all-powerful, how humans could choose evil over Him. It was when he read certain books of the Platonists that were translated from Greek to Latin, that he was inspired to have a powerful vision of God.  

America and the Great War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

America and the Great War - Essay Example (Stubbs, 2002) The rise of Pan-Slavism, which is a form of ethno-nationalism, in Eastern European countries had also precipitated the war. The strong diplomatic, economic and strategic interests in neighboring countries induced a cascade effect in terms of drawing reluctant participants to the war. The Great War was characterized by the long periods spent by the armed forces in â€Å"trenches†, so much so that the war is often described as trench warfare. This not only indicates the lack of sophistication in the art of war at the time but also the â€Å"stagnant† nature of this type of warfare. The recorded duration of the First war was close to five years, ranging from 1914 to 1919, most of this time was spent in combats that have reached a state of â€Å"stalemate†. (Kiesling, 2005) The First World War, also referred to as the Great War due to its sweeping scale, would shake-up then existing power equations within Europe and set up the region for the Second Wor ld War two decades later. While America's participation in the latter war was more substantial, it nevertheless played a crucial supportive role to its conventional allies in the former too. America’s support to the French cause would prove to be a major factor in the eventual outcome of the war. (Robert Bruce's book titled The Fraternity of Arms: America and France in the Great War traces this alliance and places it in the historical, political, ideological and imperialist contexts.) While Britain was witnessing a period of unprecedented prosperity and power during the beginning of the twentieth century and its connection to the United States goes two centuries further back, it was the alliance with France which was strategically important in the context of the Great War. This assessment goes against the grain of popular history, but nevertheless true. For example, the shared ideological basis of the two countries goes back to the Declaration of Independence on July the four th, 1776. The installation of the Statue of Liberty in Ellis Island, off the banks of New York, as well as the adoption of the democratic ideals of 'Equality, Fraternity and Liberty' into the American constitution are enduring symbols of this shared heritage. (Bruce, 2003) It is for the aforementioned commonalities that American public were in unison with their elected representatives' decision to join the war. At the beginning of the Great War, most of the American public was aloof to events on the other side of the Atlantic. This stands to reason, for there was no direct threat to American sovereignty and vested interests. Also, as the American demography was composed of various European ethnicities, joining ranks with one side might prove costly in domestic politics. But eventually, the shared ideological underpinnings between the United States, France and Britain proved to be an important factor in turning around public opinion in a quick time. (Kiesling, 2005) During the early months of 1918 the amalgamation controversy assumed its peak and it became uncertain whether Britain would receive any American help at all. But the ultimate victory for the Western powers was made possible due to their superior cohesion and coordination – something which their enemies could not achieve. So, despite America's Navy being very weak, its supply of troops to the Western cause was a decisive factor. And their successful integration under British and French

Computer Manipulation of Photographs and Peoples Trust Essay

Computer Manipulation of Photographs and Peoples Trust - Essay Example Photographs are taken for identification of events, people, things and many other aspects (Goldberg 1991). Photographs are also thought to be a source of evidence for various purposes. With computer manipulation and editing of photographs for personal reasons, photography is not more considered as an evidence for reality. It is considered fake and somewhat containing lies (Brand, et.al 1985). With digital photography, the art of photo manipulation has become more easy and uncomplicated. The photographs that are captured digitally are stored in the computer in form of digital data (Brand, et.al 1985). This digital data can easily be edited and manipulated intentionally or unintentionally. In the market, there are various software programs available that offer the computerized manipulation of photographs. The computer manipulation of photographs is not considered illegal and people, media and other institutions employ the software programs for manipulating images according to their own requirements without any legal threat. We can take many examples of photographs as evidence. For a passport or identity card, photographs are required. Passports or identity cards are used for identifying a person with the help of his given photograph and concerning details. If the photograph is manipulated technologically with the help of the computer, it will give an edited version of the real person, which cannot be considered as wholly true. Passport or identity cards are sources of evidence of a person’s real identification but if the photographs attached with the identification cards are manipulated, no trust will be there. Before computer manipulation, trust in photographs as a form of evidence was there but after, technological development and launch of different software programs related to computer manipulation, people are being led towards distrusting the evidence of photographs (Goldberg 1991).

Motivation in the Hospitality Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Motivation in the Hospitality Industry - Essay Example In other words, without motivation, all activities in the human world continue in a static manner. There would be no improvement or advancement in any area of human activity. This is also true for the hospitality industry. This paper reviews the concept of motivation in the hospitality industry and will look into the mindset of both employees and employers. In the process, the paper will review relevant theories of motivation and will apply them into the aspects mentioned above. The concept of motivation: As mentioned earlier, motivation is based on â€Å"an inclination to do something† (Baumeister &Vohs 2007, p. 115). The authors state that any motivating factor has the ability to overcome any ego issue that is present in an individual. It can be said that ego could be a factor that could come in the way of motivation. An employer, as the authors suggest could play a role in motivating an individual to overcome this ego factor. They state that needs and wants could play a cru cial role in this regard. Hence theories like Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Expectancy Theory and other related theories are worth considering here in this paper. Ego is not a major factor in this regard and other theories mentioned above can be applied by managers in the hotel industry to bring about motivation within employers and employees. Motivation can also be categorized into extrinsic and intrinsic without taking into consideration the concept of ego (Vallerand 2004, 428). Extrinsic motivation is a feeling that comes from external rewards (Tileston 2004, p 4). It could be monetary and other non-monetary rewards like praise and recognition. On the other hand â€Å"Intrinsic motivation is defined as the doing of an activity for its inherent satisfactions rather than for some separable consequence. When intrinsically motivated a person is moved to act for the fun or challenge entailed rather than because of external prods, pressures, or rewards† (Ryan & Deci 2000 p . 27). In other words, motivation can result in a variety of reasons and it is up to the managers and employers to make use of it to form a symbiotic relationship with the employees. Specific theories are discussed her in order to understand the concept of motivation. One of the most important in this regard is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. According to this theory, needs are based on hierarchy as can be seen by the wordings. In other words, motivation is dependant on individual feelings of achievement. The problem is to define whether an individual is motivated to perform for his or her individual needs or for a common good. According to Maslow, there are several steps that motivate individuals to perform in a certain way. They include basic and psychological needs ranging from physiological needs to self- actualization (Fiore 2004, p 62). (Maslow 2012) Physiological needs pertain to basic survival and individuals will go to any extent to survive in a particular environment ( Allen & Gilmore 1998, p. 35). These needs are necessary for basic survival and hence no other considerations will be deemed necessary at this stage. A person just needs an environment for food and other basic necessities for survival. Once the physiological needs are met the next motivating factor is safety needs. In this stage, a person looks at a long term aspect of survival which pertains to the aspect of safety for

Computer Manipulation of Photographs and Peoples Trust Essay

Computer Manipulation of Photographs and Peoples Trust - Essay Example Photographs are taken for identification of events, people, things and many other aspects (Goldberg 1991). Photographs are also thought to be a source of evidence for various purposes. With computer manipulation and editing of photographs for personal reasons, photography is not more considered as an evidence for reality. It is considered fake and somewhat containing lies (Brand, et.al 1985). With digital photography, the art of photo manipulation has become more easy and uncomplicated. The photographs that are captured digitally are stored in the computer in form of digital data (Brand, et.al 1985). This digital data can easily be edited and manipulated intentionally or unintentionally. In the market, there are various software programs available that offer the computerized manipulation of photographs. The computer manipulation of photographs is not considered illegal and people, media and other institutions employ the software programs for manipulating images according to their own requirements without any legal threat. We can take many examples of photographs as evidence. For a passport or identity card, photographs are required. Passports or identity cards are used for identifying a person with the help of his given photograph and concerning details. If the photograph is manipulated technologically with the help of the computer, it will give an edited version of the real person, which cannot be considered as wholly true. Passport or identity cards are sources of evidence of a person’s real identification but if the photographs attached with the identification cards are manipulated, no trust will be there. Before computer manipulation, trust in photographs as a form of evidence was there but after, technological development and launch of different software programs related to computer manipulation, people are being led towards distrusting the evidence of photographs (Goldberg 1991).

A Conversation of Authors and Scriptures Personal Statement

A Conversation of Authors and Scriptures - Personal Statement Example I'm enthusiastic in comprehending what exactly happens when someone is writing and how I can learn the art of writing. By the way, I realize that every author is keen about the choice of words and, according to Stevenson, "the first merit which attracts in the pages of a good author, or the talk of a brilliant conversationalist, is the apt choice and contrast of words employed." (Stevenson, 2) Therefore, every author will be very careful about the choice of their words and other such techniques. Teacher: You said it exactly. Writing is an art which every student needs to comprehend during his or her course of study and I really appreciate your efforts to learn the process of writing. Writing is also a cognitive process and every writer makes several revisions to his/her writing. It is also important for the beginners to concentrate on bringing judgments based on their own experience in writing. Let us remember that "Sommers notes the disparity between how writing textbooks teach composting and how experienced writers really compose and she calls for careful research into cognitive processes in writing In "I Stand Here Writing" (1993), Sommers again emphasizes that students should bring judgments based on their own experience to their writing of academic essays." (Babin and Harrison, 95) Therefore, the student authors should be cautious about producing their strong voices in their writing and about the process of making revisions. That is to say, the students, following the a dults, need to revise at the global level rather than revising at word or sentence level. Sommers: Of course, what all things the teacher told you are greatly useful to the student writers. In fact, they are the results of my important research on students' writing practices. As I can state from my personal experience, there is the immense relationship between a writer's personal life and his/her writing. A writer also should have, like Roland Barthes had, an urge toward scientific enquiry and a strong desire to write. "There is in Barthes, although not stressed either by him or his commentators, a strong, spontaneous and optimistic urge toward scientific enquiry According to a logic the crucial moment is not so much the finished product, the oeuvre, as the activity of writing, the idea of writing, and above all, the desire to write. And despite his widely admired performance as a stylist, it is only because Barthes shares this attitude that he claims recognition as a poet himself" (Lavers, 32) Barthes: Yeah, you are obviously right Sommers. However, you need to emphasize my important point: my critique of the French classical style of writing. In my book Writing Degree Zero, I "was concerned with the French classical style of writing. This style, which emerged in court society in the seventeenth century, prided itself upon clarity and preciseness of expression, and set itself up as a universal model of standard for all writing." (Strinati, 98) However, I realized that the French classicism was neither neutral nor natural and inevitable. My book Writing Degree Zero developed a style which rejects the idea of politically committed writing and values colourless, transparent, neutral, blank and impersonal writing style.     Ã‚  

Evidence Based Essay Example for Free

Evidence Based Essay Teaching in the twenty first century has become a major challenge for everyone involved with education. Not only do teachers have to worry about test scores and how to handle the multitude of differences when it comes to students. But, also making sure they have adequate documentation to support all the differences and education they are supplying. When adding the documentation and strategies to special education students it becomes even more difficult. However, using strategies that align with Common Core can easily engage and participate those that are special education students and have them become successful. Now that our country has moved more and more towards Common Core instruction it is important that teachers do not lose those that are struggling to learn. Adding the toughness and rigor of Common Core easily complicates this situation. As teachers we need to learn to adapt to the changing curriculum and engage our students in a way that they can still learn through the Common Core instruction. One way to do this is through using a variety of assessments. Variety of assessments allows teachers free range how to assess their children based on their learning styles. This can be done by using either formative or informative assessments. Formative assessments is a process used by teachers and students during instruction that provides feedback to adjust ongoing teaching and learning to improve students achievement of intended instructional outcomes (Dodge,2012). When we use formative assessments it is allowing us to see exactly the areas of need/improvement, as well as the areas of strengt h. This is wonderful because it allows teachers the opportunity to then re-teach students based off their areas of need. When we are teaching math it is important that we try to keep the lessons as actively engaging as possible. Math tends to be a  big struggle for many special education students. The more Common Core is pushed on students the more they feel as though they might not have the ability to learn. Therefore, using an inquiry and student learning model can benefit those who struggle with math. The inquiry and student learning model is where the teaching is put back on the students in the role of hands-on inquiry (Hertz, 2013). The teacher does the modeling and the students then do the work with each other and explain the process. This really allows the teacher ample time to observe and go work with students and grab data that might not be possible. While this is happening, the children are actually having fun and they are learning! Another way to engage children with Common Core is during reading and language arts instruction. Teaching children to read is the foundation for educational success. In order to get kids engaged in learning we need to make it fun and have the students take value in what they are doing. Reading is a wonderful subject, when done correctly, the teacher can really make it fun. Having students go through a topic or core for the day and then focusing differentiated hands-on centers will really allow the students to use what they are learning more effectively. Instead of students reading in a group and then doing worksheets, they are actually putting letters together using letter cubes or play –doh. Taking the concept they just learned about and making it into their own writing story. These are activities that children love and remain engaged in and what classrooms should be doing. Another way to ensure learning is taking place for all students is making sure that the space is free of any safety concerns for those who have physical or health limitations. Physically handicapped students are aware of the fact that they are physically different that most others and that there are certain things they cannot do (Watson 2011). Therefore, it is up to the teachers to set a positive image from the beginning. This will limit the amount of talking and self-esteem crushing that can take place in the classroom. It is also important for the teacher to set up the room before any children come in, so the environment is already positively set. Making sure that the room and areas are de-cluttered, and there is a defined area for a wheelchair to get through can make a big difference in how a physically challenged student feels. It is also important to let all involved with the disabled student, what the plans are in case of emergencies, such as; fire drills or a lock-down  situation. Teachers need to do their jobs to ensure the safety of all students disabled or not. Students that enter a classroom and are physically disabled, usually have some fine or gross motor skill issues. These issues can be worked on through an occupational therapist, but also need to be reinforced when the occupational therapist is not in the room. When it comes to cutting or using a scissors the teacher should find out if the student benefits from a hand over hand assist or the use of a specialized scissors to complete the task. Knowing how severely the student’s handwriting is effected is also a very important thing to note. If the student has extremely poor motor skills and writing is not an option, then the teacher needs to look into getting a communication device that will do the typing and written work for the student. It is also beneficial to know how much self-help the child needs. Does the child need help going to the bathroom and washing their hands, or zipping up a coat? These are all questions that can decline the amount of frustration on a teacher before the student is even in the classroom. Using all of these strategies can really help and cut down on any behavioral issues that can arise when a student becomes frustrated and overwhelmed by the amount they are not able to do. Since physically handicapped children have many issues to sort out, it might become overwhelming for them and they might not be able to socialize correctly or discuss how they are feeling. When this happens they need the support and strategies to help them work through their feelings. Teachers might have the students engage in a social skills group with only four or five other students. The one leading the group can focus on different social issues; such as; embarrassment, bullying, feeling left out. Even if the disabled child is unable to talk, they can bring their assistive technology to help them participate. Role-playing can also be a huge positive for everyone. Many times children do not know and understand what it is like to be physically handicapped and not have the ability to run and play soccer. So, when the shoe is on the other foot in a role-playing mode the students can then begin to see how much the disabled child is affected. Social skill interventions start with accurate diagnosis and continue by allowing students to practice positive social interactions in a step-by-step, decision-by-decision fashion (Beelmann, Pfingsten, Losel, 1994). Teaching children is an art form. It is something that cannot be explained and truly  understood until others have walked in those shoes. All teachers can do is hope that we are using strategies effectively and communicating accurately to reach the needs of all the students, whether they are disabled or not. By using strategies and accommodations we are opening the door of possibilities and one that will benefit all that are involved not just the ones who qualify for those strategies and accommo dations. References Beelmann, A., Pfingsten, U., Losel, F. (1994). Effects of training social competence in children: A meta-analysis of recent evaluation studies. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 23(3), 260-271. Dodge, J (2012). Tips for using formative assessments to help you differentiate instruction and improve student achievement. Retrieved fromhttp://www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/what-are-formative-assessments-and-why-should-we-use-them Hertz, M (2013). Common Core Standard: Third Grade Math Strategies. Retrieved from http://www.edutopia.org/blog/ccss-3rd-grade-math-strategies-mary-beth-hertz Watson, S (2011). Physically Handicapped Students. Retrieved from http://specialed.about.com/od/physicaldisabilities/a/physical.htm

An overview of atrial fibrillation

An overview of atrial fibrillation Section1: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a condition when the heart does not beat to its normal speeds or rhythm, often it beats faster than it should. This irregularity leads to an increased risk of stroke and death. The pump function of the heart deteriorates as a result of the un-coordination (due to uncoordinated excitation of muscles). The net result of impaired pump action is the upper chambers of the heart contract randomly and at times too quick for the heart to relax before it can contract again effectively. At the junction of the pulmonary veins in the left atrial musculature, abnormal impulses fire which override the heart natural pace maker. There are 3 major classifications for AF: Paroxysmal AF- lasts from 30 seconds to 7days Persistent AF- longer the 7days Permanent AF- AF that fails to terminate using cardioversion, or is terminated but relapses within 24hours. If there are no obvious cause and all investigations are normal, this is known as lone AF. Lone AF tends to occur in Paroxysmal cases. Otherwise the most common causes are ischaemic heart disease hypertension mitral stenosis hyperthyroidism Other causes which arent as common are can be classified into 3 sub catagories; Cardiac: Rheumatic heart disease, Sick sinus syndrome, Pre-excitation syndromes (such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome) and heart failure. Less commonly, congenital heart disease, atrial myxoma , atrial septal defect, pericardial disease, and cardiomyopathy. Non-cardiac: Drugs (e.g. bronchodilators/thyroxine), Electrolyte depletion infection, Pulmonary embolism, Lung cancer Diabetes. Lifestyle: Obesity, high caffeine or alcohol intake1. A fast pulse (often >140bpm) which may or may not be irregular is the most common symptom of AF however it is also accompanied by tiredness, breathlessness, dizziness, angina1, syncope, reduced exercise tolerance, or polyuria2. The decreased efficacy of the pumping of the heart may result in the reduction of blood pressure. AF is diagnosed by the use of an ECG and is characterised by the absence of consistent P waves and presence of fibrillation. The method of management of suffers of AF has two main strategies, either by the control the arrhythmia aspect of the condition or by the tachycardia side of the condition. Rhythm controlling drugs include flecainide (and other similar drugs), beta-blockers (particularly sotalol), and amiodarone. Rate controlling drugs such as beta-blockers bisoprolol atenolol or the calcium channel blockers verapamil ordiltiazem. Thrombolytic and antiplatelet drugs are also used to manage the thromboembolic risk. There are non pharmacological ways to manage AF, the most common being cardioversion. Aspirin inhibits cycloxygenase from producing thromboxane A2 which is responsible for platelet activation and thus aggregation Diltiazem of use in AF for its affects on calcium channels on the heart. The blocking of calcium channels reduces excitability of cardiac muscle and hence decreasing fibrillations it also decreases the force of contraction Atenolol is a beta receptor blocker(a classII), it decreases the effects of the sympathetic drive to the heart, such that the neurotransmitters adrenaline and noradrenaline are competitively blocked. Thus the levels of cAMP decrease. cAMP mediates many events in the heart:decreases stability in resting potentials (phase 4) of nodal tissue(AVN conduction SAN firing). In nodal tissue(myocytes) a decrease in cAMP reduces Ca2+ entry thus action potentials take longer, it also causes repolarisation to longer i.e. increasing the refractory period Amiodarone has all four classes of activity (of Vaughan Williams system MAKE APPENDIX) however its main method of action is its class III mechanism. By the blocking potassium channels the potassium efflux in an action potential is blocked, thus action potentials duration is a prolonged refractory period (causing a region of unidirectional block remain refractory for longer effectively having a bi directional block)3 Verapamil a non selective calcium channel blocker (classIV), by reducing the Ca2+ into the cell through L-type channels in the nodal tissue (SAN AVN) depolarization takes longer as does the refractory period causing slower AVN conduction. Reduces tachycardic impulse from AVN to the ventricles and also AVN re-entrant rhythms. Phase 2 is limited in nodal tissue (myocytes and purkinje fibres) reduces triggered automaticity4. Warfarin inhibits the effective synthesis of biologically active forms of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors: II, VII, IX and X, as well as some regulatory proteins. Flecainide a class1c sodium channel blocker.There is decreased diastolic excitability and Phase 0 (depolarization) takes longer as does the refractory period together causing slower conductions4. Propafenone is a class1c sodium channel blocker.There is decreased diastolic excitability and Phase 0 (depolarization) takes longer as does the refractory period together causing slower conductions4. Digoxin is a K+/Na+ ATPase inhibitor which leads to an increase in the intracellular concentration of sodium this stimulates of sodium-calcium exchange as a result there is an increase in the intracellular concentration of calcium causing stronger less frequent contractions. Cardioversion may be tried in some people with AF. The heart is given a controlled electric shock to try to restore a normal rhythm1. Catheter ablation is a procedure that very carefully destroysthe diseased area of your heart and interrupts abnormal electrical circuits. It is an option if medication has not been effective or tolerated1. A pacemaker may be fitted alternatively to drug treatment when it is not appropriate of failing1. Section 2: AF is the most common rhytm disorder of the heart with up to 500,000 sufferes in the UK1. In the UK over 46,000new cases of AF are diagnosed each year5. The incidences increase with age, with a higher incidence in men, when data is adjusted for age6. AF is uncommon in the young unless there is an existing heart disorder. At 50-59years of age, the prevalence is around 0.5%. At 80-89years of age, the prevalence is around 9%. Section 3: AF is a significantly increases the chance of stroke and emboli. The decision to use antithrombotic therapy involves a complex balancing of risks, benefits, and costs. The probabilities of stroke, bleeding complications, and death; the associated costs of all treatment options and outcomes; and the quality of life associated with treatment and disability. These have shown that warfarin therapy is generally cost-effective and often cost-saving. However, the economic value of antithrombotic therapy in terms of cost-effectiveness is most strongly influenced by 2 factors: stroke risk and perceived quality of life. The cost-effectiveness models indicate that warfarin can be cost-effective or, indeed, cost-saving for a wide variety of patients with AF, provided that it is prescribed appropriately based upon stroke risks7 In patients at high risk of stroke, anticoagulation is most cost effective, but not for those at low risk of stroke8. Aspirin 75mgx28 Â £1.66, Aspirin 300mgx28 Â £0.55, Warfarin 1mgx28 Â £1.10, Warfarin 3mgx28 Â £1.15, Warfarin 5mgx28 Â £1.21, Atenolol 25mgx28 Â £0.82, Diltiazem MR 60 mgx84 Â £3.52, Diltiazem MR 60 mgx56 (or over 70yrs), verapamil 40mgx80 Â £1.55. Section 4: Symptoms should be monitored; often AF has no symptoms, however you should look for the common presenting symptoms (stated in section 1). Tests: Heart Rate- Should be done when treating with rate lowering drugs Electrocardiography- every 12months blood electrolytes, urea and creatinine- 1-2 weeks after initiation, and 1-2 weeks after reaching the maintenance dose, then every 6 months. For Beta-blockers, digoxin, amiodarone Monitor blood pressure Liver function tests- every 6months for amiodarone Thyroid function test- when using amiodarone eye examinations- annual eye examinations. Plasma levels- for digoxin, shortly after initiation or after a dose increaee. 0.7and 2.0nanograms per millilitre Drugs to reduce the risk of thromboembolism (warfarin, aspirin and clopidogrel) The target INR for oral anti coagulants is 2-3 usually 2.5. Patients should be considered for warfarin use if risk is perceived to be medium or high according to nice (see appendix)9. It is important that INR be measured daily or alternate days at initiation of treatment. Then at longer intervals depending on dose response up to 12 weeks10. Note the importance of increased monitoring as drugs are added to the regimen, pre-adjustment to warfrin are sometimes necessary e.g. decreasing dose by one or two thirds before initiation of amiodarone1. Section 5: Although systematic reviews have shown that aspirin reduces the rate of stroke by 25%8 The Atrial Fibrillation, Aspirin Anticoagulation Study demonstrated a reduction of strokes by 64% per year with warfarin (INR 2.8-4.2), compared with placebo, a 3.5% per year reduction. A non-significant reduction in stroke was seen with aspirin 75mg8. Where warfarin is contraindicated or patient requests not to initiate therapy, it has been found that a combination of antiplatelets (aspirin and clopidogrel) was associated with a significant reduction in major vascular events compared with aspirin alone. The number of people that would need to be treated with aspirin plus clopidogrel for 3.6years to prevent one vascular event was 421. According to a meta-analysis the combination of both aspirin and warfrin yielded no significant reduction in stroke rates and had increased side effects8. No mortality difference was found between rhythm control and rate control. Although for people older than 65years of age or those with coronary artery disease, a significant difference was found in favour of rate control in terms of all-cause mortality. Studies showed significantly higher rates of hospitalisation and adverse events in the rhythm control group and no difference in quality of life between the two groupsa.Incidence of ischaemic stroke, bleeding and systemic embolism was similar in the two groups, but certain malignant dysrhythmias were significantly more likely to occur in the rhythm control groupa. No cognitive decline was seen with the use of rhythm controlling drugs. Quality of life scores were similar in both groups. Therefore it is recommended that rate control, is used as it is less costly11. IA, IC and III drugs are effective in maintaining sinus rhythm but increased adverse effects. Class IA drugs may increase mortality. Calcium antagonists versus digoxin Seven studies found no difference in average heart rate between calcium antagonists verapamil or diltiazem and digoxin either at rest or during periods of normal daily activity. Studies have found calcium antagonists resulted in a lower heart rate during exercise, compared with digoxin2. Beta-blockers versus digoxin Three studies found no difference in average heart rate between digoxin and beta blockers while at rest or during periods of normal daily activity. However, the beta blockers atenolol and labetalol controlled heart rate during exercise more effectively than digoxin did2. Beta-blockers versus calcium antagonists One crossover study found no difference between the calcium antagonist diltiazem and the beta-blocker atenolol in terms of either the mean heart rate over 24 hours or during exercise2. Beta-blockers with digoxin versus beta-blockers One crossover study found no statistically significant differences in heart rate during periods of exercise. Some studies found the beta-blocker atenolol used in combination with digoxin to be associated with a lower heart rate over 24 hours than atenolol alone2. Calcium antagonists with digoxin versus calcium antagonists Four crossover studies found that calcium antagonists diltiazem or verapamil used in combination with Digoxin to be more effective in controlling heart rate over 24 hours, as well as during periods of exercise, than either diltiazem or verapamil alone2. Section 6: Many people whom suffer from AF suffer no symptoms, some have been diagnosed incidentally1. It is in these patients that concordance is a particular issue. Education as to the risks and complications of the condition are necessary to achieve optimum concordance. It is important that patients are aware the side effects (SE) as well as the dosage regimen. Many of the dugs used in the management of AF have common and serious side effects which patients should be trained to spot. Interactions and side effects of note. Further information can be derived from the British National Formulary (BNF) and a comprehensive analysis available in the most current Stockleys drug interaction. Classes of drugs have been mentioned although this does not mean that the entire class will interact Amiodarone Interactions: Anti-arrhythmic (rate and rhythm modulating), Antibiotics, Anti coagulants, Tricyclic antidepressants, mizolastine, thyroid hormones, diuretics and phenytoin10. it is of note that due to its long half life amiodarone may still interact several months after treatment is stopped particularly relevant in the switching over of treatments. Amiodarone reduces the clearance of warfarin, prolonging prothrombin times (PTs) and elevating international normalized ratios (INRs). To avoid bleeding complications, the patient being put on amiodarone must have their current dosage of warfarin reduced by at least one-third and PT and INR closely monitored until they are stabilized15. Although routine eye examinations should occur to asses the ocular effects of amiodarone, if a patient experiences any visual impairment the treatment should be stopped10. Patients should be aware for the signs of thyroid dysfunction (signs and symptoms of which included in appendix 1) Warfarin interactions: Alcohol, amiodarone, propafenone, analgesics, antibiotics, antidepressants, antiepileptics, thyroid hormones, ulcer healing drugs, lipid regulating drugs, hormones, corticosteroids Warfarin levels are easily effected by changes in diet, major changes in diet should be done in consultation with healthcare professional, commonly eaten foods that are known to interact with warfarin are cranberry, grapefruit and vitamin K rich foods16. bleed or bruise easily. Also, if you bleed, the bleeding may not stop as quickly as normally. For example, you may have: bleeding gums; nosebleeds; prolonged bleeding from cuts; blood in the urine. Beta blocker interactions: Antiarrhythmics (rhythm and rate modulating), antibiotics, antidepressants, mizolastine, antipsychotics and diuretics. Beta blockers should be avoided in people with asthma, or with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease13, Beta-blockers should not be stopped suddenly unless absolutely necessary; there is a risk of rebound in the condition13. Doses are titrated for patients and are gradually increased10. Digoxin interactions: Antiarrhythmics (rate and rhythm modulating), diuretics, anti biotics and anti epileptics. Signs and symptoms of digoxin toxicity are important to report promptly. Digoxin toxicity may cause drowsy, dizzy, and affect your vision, disorientation, confusion, headach or disyurbed vision14. Flecainde interactions: Antiarrhythmics (rate and rhythm modulating), antidepressants, antihistamines, antipsychotics, diuretics and tolterodine Roughly 1% of the general population and 10% of asthma suffers are allergic to aspirin12. Each drug has the potential for interaction with other medication and even food. Self help advice In order to minimise the risk of stroke and heart attacks it is important for patient to receive practical advise on diet as this will impact on blood cholesterol levels, weight management and blood pressure it is of particular importance when the patient is diabetic. Important components in a healthy diet are low fat and salt intakes, with an emphasis on complex carbohydrates found in vegetables. Advice on the sources of esstential fatty acids should be given (for example nuts and oily fish). Smoking cessation counseling and Nicotine replacement therapy should be offered, discussing the statistical significance smoking alone contributes to the Cardio vascular events. Section 7: Pharmacists have contact at various stages along a patients treatment. A specialist PCT pharmacist may manage patients, prescribe, review and monitior. A community pharmacist should attempt medicine use reviews and prepare to make interventions on prescriptions when appropriate. Clinical pharmacists are involved in monitoring and providing guidance on protocols and current evidence. In the future there will be an increased scope for pharmacists to play a larger role when full patient records become available, full clinical reviews may be conducted taking into account the persons history (familial, drug, treatment, condition) and make appropriate interventions and recommendations according to the most current evidence. Section 8: In order for the condition and the services to run effectively is necessary to run audits regularly. This will ensure the national standards are met. Nice guideline audit criteria: All people presenting to primary or secondary care with a hypertension, heart failure, diabetes made or stroke and noted to have an irregular pulse to be offered an ECG and any new diagnosis of AF recorded2. All AF patients in whom a rate-control or rhythm-control strategy is initiated to have their involvement in choosing a treatment strategy recorded2. All patients who are prescribed digoxin as initial monotherapy for rate control to have the reason for this prescription recorded where it is not obvious (e.g. sedentary patient presence of contraindication to alternative agents)2. All patients should be assessed for risk of stroke/thromboembolism and given thromboprophylaxis according to the stroke risk and have this assessment and any antithrombotic therapy recorded2. It is important for pharmacists to keep uodate and maintaining a high levels of competenacy. Advice should be evidence based and current. There are regular updates produced by nice NICE and the Guidelines for atrial fibriliation are a good source of information. Section 9: the National Service Framework for coronary heart disease has a chapter pertains to AF. Arrhythmias are of great importance Cardiac arrhythmia affects more than 700,000 people in England and is consistently in the top ten reasons for hospital admission, using up significant AE time and bed days. AFis the most common arrhythmia, affects up to 1% of the population (rising to 4% in the over 65s) and absorbs almost 1% of the entire budget of the NHS to the NHS16. Of the three quality requirements there are two relevant in AF. Quality requirement one: patient support. People with arrhythmias receive timely and high-quality support and information, based on assessment of their needs16. Markers of good practice People with arrhythmias receive a formal assessment of their support needs and those at significantly increased risk of anxiety, depression or a poor quality of life receive appropriate care16. People with long-term conditions receive support in managing their illness from a named arrhythmia care co-ordinator16. Good quality, timely information about arrhythmic conditions is given by appropriately trained staff16. Quality requirement two: diagnosis and treatment. People presenting with arrhythmias, in both emergency and elective settings, receive timely assessment by an appropriate clinician to ensure accurate diagnosis and effective treatment and rehabilitation16. Markers of Good Practice Initial Treatment All patients receive a hard copy of the ECG documenting their arrhythmia and a copy is placed in their records. Patients who survive out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and patients presenting with pre-excited AF are assessed by a heart rhythm specialist prior to hospital discharge. The following patients are assessed urgently by a heart rhythm specialist: Patients with syncope or any other symptom(s) suggestive of an arrhythmia and a personal history of structural heart disease or a family history of premature sudden death Patients with recurrent syncope associated with palpitations Patients with syncope and pre-excitation Patients with documented 3rd degree AV block (not associated with acute MI) Patients with recurrent syncope in whom a life-threatening cause has not been excluded Patients with documented ventricular tachycardia The following patients are referred to a heart rhythm specialist: Patients with a presumed diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia Patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome or asymptomatic pre-excitation Patients with symptomatic regular recurrent supraventricular tachycardia which is unsuccessfully treated with one type of medication or who would prefer not to take long-term medication Patients with recurrent atrial flutter Patients with symptomatic AF despite optimal medical therapy First degree relatives of victims of sudden cardiac death who died below the age of 40 years Patients with recurrent unexplained falls Markers of Good Practice Ongoing Treatment Mechanisms are in place for urgent referral of patients with sustained or compromising arrhythmias for prioritisation of appropriate treatment. Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are considered in patients presenting with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and in those without demonstrable arrhythmia but identified as being at high risk. Catheter ablation is considered as the treatment of choice in patients presenting with sustained supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) other than AF, and cardioversion of recent onset AF is considered as early as is clinically safe. Where further hospital treatment is not recommended, a care plan is agreed between the patient, GP and the arrhythmia care team, including follow up and support as required. Management of long term conditions and elderly also have a priority in the governments plans and frameworks for the future. Section 10: Emphasis should be on patient centered care, projects such as near patient testing for warfarin have proved to be effective at managing patients and their potential complications. Primary care workers such as GPs PCT pharmacist should screen at risk patients. They shall be involved in the management of there condition frequently monitor patients. If required a referral can be made on lifestyle issues to manage the risk of stroke, e.g. if lipids are elevated may want to refer to a dietitian. Community pharmacists have a role in conduction medicines use reviews and be prepared to make inventions in prescribing, regimen concordance and side effect management/referral. It is of utmost importance that the specialist (cardiologist) makes clear recommendation and maintains communications with their counterparts in primary care.

Business Cycle Theory :: essays research papers

The Sticky-Wage Model In this model, economists pursue the sluggish adjustment of nominal wages path to explain why it is that the short-run aggregate supply curve is upward sloping. For sticky nominal wages, an increase in the price level lowers the real wage therefore making labor cheaper for firms. Cheaper labor means that firms will hire more labor, and the increased labor will in turn produce more output. The time period where the nominal wage cannot adjust to the changes in price level and output signifies the positive sloping aggregate supply curve. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The nominal wage is set by the workers and the firms based on the target real wage, which may or may not be the labor supply & demand equilibrium, and on price level expectation. W =   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ãƒ ¹   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   *   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pe Nominal Wage = Target Real Wage * Expected Price Level After the nominal wage has been set but before any hiring, firms learn the actual price level (P). From this the real wage is derived W/P = à ¹ * Pe/P Real Wage = Target Real Wage * Expected Price Level/Actual Price Level From the equation, real wage = target real wage when expected price level = actual price level real wage > target real wage when expected price level < actual price level real wage < target real wage when expected price level > actual price level The bargaining between workers and firms determine the nominal wage rate but not the actual level of employment. This is determined by the firms’ hiring decisions and the labor demand function L = Ld(W/P) Output is determined by the production function, Y = F(L). The aggregate supply curve, under the sticky-wage model, summarizes the two functions and the relationship between the price level and output. Any unexpected changes in the price level cause a deviation in the real wage, which in turn, affects the amount of labor and output. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The major weakness of the sticky-wage model however, is that in any model with an unchanging labor demand curve, unemployment falls when the real wage falls. Under this model the opposite happens, which means that the real wage should be countercyclical. Economic data over the past decades in the U.S. shows that the real wage in fact tends to rise along with output. This is evidence contrary to Keynes predictions in the General Theory. The Imperfect-Information Model Characteristics: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Assumes that the market is clear – all wages and prices are free to adjust in order to balance supply and demand – and that differences in the short-run and long-run aggregate supply curves are from misperceptions about prices

Should Drugs Be Made Legal? Essay -- social issues

Should Drugs Be Made Legal? For several decades drugs have been one of the major problems of society. There have been escalating costs spent on the war against drugs and countless dollars spent on rehabilitation, but the problem still exists. Not only has the drug problem increased but drug related problems are on the rise. Drug abuse is a killer in our country. Some are born addicts(crack babies), while others become users. The result of drug abuse is thousands of addicts in denial. The good news is the United States had 25,618 total arrests and 81,762 drug seizures due to drugs in 1989 alone, but the bad news is the numbers of prisoners have increased by 70 percent which will cost about $30 million dollars. Despite common wisdom, the U.S isn't experiencing a drug related crime wave. Government surveys show between 1980 - 1987 burglary rates fell 27 percent, robbery 21 percent and murders 13 percent, but with new drugs on the market these numbers are up. One contraversial solution is the proposal of legalizing drugs. Although people feel that legalizing drugs would lessen crime, drugs should remain illegal in the U.S because there would be an increase of drug abuse and a rapid increase of diseases such as AIDS. Many believe that legalizing drugs would lessen crime. They point out that the legalization of drugs would deter future criminal acts. They also emphasize and contrast Prohibition. When the public realized that Prohibition could not be enforced the law was ...

The Effects of Horror Movies on Children Essay

The implicit, and often explicit, intention of horror movies is to scare people. The fright engendered by horror movies can have residual psychological effects for years. Two studies, â€Å"Tales from the Screen: Enduring Fright Reactions to Scary Media† and another, funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), both concluded that exposure horror movies may have long-lasting adverse effects on children. 1. Anxiety The NIMH study reveals direct evidence that in children 5 and younger, especially toddlers, scary movies can produce acute cases of anxiety. The symptoms of this anxiety include sleeping disorders, aggressiveness and self-endangerment. Avoidance Both studies indicated that children exposed to horror films avoided real life situations shown in a fictional manner on screen. The subjects exhibited dread of facing those situations. Some children not only avoided real life situations, but also come to avoid seeing other movies or TV shows dealing with the same situations that instilled the original fear. Obsession A common effect among older children and even tweens and pre-teens, upon viewing horror movies is to obsessively talk about the stimulus that produces the fear. The subject of the obsessive talk may be expressed in either a morbid fascination or a a need to alienate themselves from what they have seen through discourse. Nightmares Probably the most common effect that horror movies have on children is the production of nightmares. Many children as well as adults can be expected to have a nightmare after seeing a horror film, especially one that may be troublesome emotional or features particularly repulsive and upsetting gore. Gore The stimuli found to produce an adverse effect in children most often in  horror films was the representation of blood or physical injury. Almost two-third of respondents report being affected emotionally more by the presence of blood and injury over stimuli such as disturbing images, environmental disasters, scary animals, monsters and aliens. Most Common Symptoms Many symptoms are associated with a reaction to viewing horror films. Among the most common symptoms include crying or screaming, trembling or shaking, upset stomach, clinginess, paralysis, sweating, fever, chills and loss of appetite. The Short-Term Effects of Scary Movies on Children By Brooke Williams, How Contributor Because many children have trouble distinguishing fantasy from reality, parents should not allow their youngsters to watch scary movies or television shows, according to Science Daily, an online science news resource. Although young children aren’t able to understand scary movies, that doesn’t mean they won’t have short-term effects because of the violent scenes. 1. Nightmares It’s typical for children to get nightmares from time to time, but watching scary movies can inspire bad dreams, according to Kids Health. Bad dreams can reflect the plot of a scary dream, and the typical horror movie characters, such as monsters, ghosts and aliens, can play roles in a little one’s dreams. In addition to getting nightmares, scary movies may cause children to have trouble getting to sleep. 2. Anxious Feelings Children who watch horror movies have a tendency to feel anxious and fearful, according to the University of Michigan Health Services. Because many children younger than 8 have a hard time understanding the difference between what is real and what is fake, scary scenes from movies seem realistic. Being nervous or paranoid that a character or situation in the movie can become reality is common after viewing a horror movie. Aggressive Behavior Young children who watch high-action, violent or scary movies are likely to act more aggressively than normal shortly after seeing the film, according to Media Awareness Network, a media education resource. Children imitate characters in violent movies by physically provoking their peers, using negative words and being more active. Because some children may find violent movie characters interesting and â€Å"cool,† imitating these characters may be a short-term effect of watching a scary movie. Intensified Fears It’s common for many children to be scared of the dark, loud noises and creepy-crawly bugs. While these fears typically dissipate with age, they tend to linger or intensify when children watch scary and violent movies. For example, watching a movie about ghosts may make a little one more scared of open closet doors in a dark bedroom. Fears are real to little ones, and if a child does watch a scary movie, it’s important for parents to talk to him about how scary monsters and other characters aren’t real. Remind him multiple times to soothe his fears. Reference http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/10/061031113446.htm Effect of horror movies on student aggressive behavior

An Educated Citizenry is essential to maintain Democracy Essay

In order to establish a concrete opinion on whether or not an educated citizenry is necessary to maintain a democracy, its meaning and definition should be well-understood. B y knowing the definition of educated citizenry and democracy, a link can be established as to its relationship and a learned analysis and concrete conclusion can be achieved. Democracy entails governmental processes that enable the citizens to exercise their right and power, through their duly elected representatives, to influence the enactment of policies implemented by their respective States. This means that democracy is both a right and a privilege. It is a right in the sense that the people have a say on what the government should do through the representatives they have elected. Democracy is a privilege mainly because a citizens, there is a need to exert effort to ensure that democracy is kept protected. On the other hand, an educated citizenry would entail having the educational background, intelligence and understanding that would allow them to analyze and understand concepts that pertain to policies and governmental affairs. Simply put, an educated citizen is a learned individual who knows when to assert his or her rights at the right time. Educated citizenry equates to broad-mindedness There is nothing more to say when you are dealing with a narrow-minded individual. This alone is reason enough to say that educated citizenry is very important. For democracy to work there is a need to be open-minded about things and be able to listen for the opinion of others. In order for Democracy to be maintained, and efficiently carried out, the citizenry needs representatives. It follows that the representatives would have to belong to the citizenry. In this case, the citizenry should be well-equipped to decipher who should represent them. That representation embodies the will of the citizen, and should be occupied by an intelligent, well-educated individual. As a representative of the citizens, it is but right to possess these qualities since the representative is the citizenry and vice versa. Given these reasons, it is but right to say that an educated citizenry is necessary to maintain democracy. This is attributable to the fact that with an educated citizenry, there can be established a harmonious relationship among individuals who understand and know the set rules and regulations and from there set to follow these rules, thereby creating a well organized government, essential for democracy. Educated Citizenry precedes Democracy In order for democracy to be firmly inculcated in the system of government, it is necessary that the people who intend to have a democratic government understands its concept and how it works. This inevitably means that individuals who are educated, knows the rights and obligations that need to be set and the laws that would govern the land should initiate the establishment of democracy. This translates to the fact that the framers of the law know what democracy is before they can even begin to conceptualize the idea of a democratic government. An educated citizenry becomes the foundations of a well-established democratic institution, thus its importance should not be neglected.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 21

Essay Example It might not help in generating additional revenues in the short-run. But, it can enhance employee productivity in the long-run through maintaining a healthy relation with them and becoming responsible for their personal well-being. Again, through maintaining a good customer relation, the company can create a positive image in the society that will definitely help it in winning customer loyalty. Moreover, a good image can help a company in preventing implementations of government regulations on its activities that are sometimes known to be a consequence of popular public demands. This paper however, concentrates upon corporate social responsibilities, i.e., a corporate house’s concern towards environmental sustainability and climate changes and the strategies that a corporate should adopt to protect them (Social Responsibility and Organizational Ethics, 2001). Environmental sustainability implies the measures that an organisation can take for the purpose of environmental protection and thus social welfare. It becomes a very important aspect of corporate responsibility since the well-being of the entire population as well as the future generation depends on it. Some important terminology being used in this paper while discussing the strategies that a company should ideally undertake for environmental protection and making room for climate changes are – Natural Resources – these are resources that are found in nature and are not necessary to be created artificially. Natural Resources can be of two types – exhaustible and inexhaustible. The former ones are those that cannot be restored once they are spent and hence need to be used with much care and concern. On the other hand, inexhaustible resources are those that could be restored and thus do not have a diminishing stock. So, it becomes an important corporate responsibility to protect these exhaustible natural resources and make as little use as possible of them, since everything in our nature

Lives and Path of Development of Johann Sebastian Bach and Pyotr Essay

Lives and Path of Development of Johann Sebastian Bach and Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that if we carefully study lives and path of development of musicians, we will find that they not only have incorporated the elements of musical mastermind in their works but at the same time one of the main reasons that their works have survived the onslaught of time that they have incorporated their respective philosophies of life in their works. This is, perhaps, the most important reason that as we listen to their compositions we receive a unique boost to live as well as aspire for the enlightened future. In this context, it will not be much irrelevant if we focus over the development of two musicians to their musical maturity, it will be easy for us to understand that how they have developed as a genius and how they have inspired the tradition of musical maturity from a global perspective with their genius. Johann Sebastian Bach is one of the most influential figures in the history of world music and the tradition of baroque music was greatly influenced by the musical mastermind of this great genius. Albert Schweitzer, while evaluating over the appeal of Bach, has commented, â€Å"We argue about absolute music, tone-painting, programme music and tone-language as about actual fundamental problems, and think it a matter for historians only that tendencies toward tone-painting, programme music, or avowed musical narration were noticeable in Italian, German and French music as early as the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. However, primitive the pictorial and poetic music of the two or three generations before Bach may have been, in respect of their means and possibilities of expression, we can see   in it the same instincts and pretensions as in the most modern and most subtilized programme music of a Liszt or a Strauss.†

Should animal be used for scientific experiment Research Paper

Should animal be used for scientific experiment - Research Paper Example Nevertheless, to describe tortures of animals in laboratories is rather complicated; it is much easier just to imagine it. Experiments on non-human creatures started long time ago and were notable among many famous scientists. However, lately a query about rightness of such tests has aroused considerably. Dispute on the efficiency and appropriateness of animal experiments continues to stay rather controversial. There are a large number of different organizations such as â€Å"The International Association against Painful Experiments on Animals†, â€Å"The Human Society of the United States† or â€Å"British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection†, which propagandize refusal of any tests on animals and condemn those companies that do not go along with them. In the list of the firms that still haunt rats, mice, rabbits, cats, monkeys and other creatures for trying out their output you can find so world-known brands as Dove, Sunsilk, Rexona, Timotei, Axe, Speed Stic k, Colgate, Max Factor, Pantene, Braun, Ariel, L'Oreal Paris, Lancome, Maybelline, Vichy, Givenchy, Kenzo, Кleenex et cetera. There is the biggest laboratory in Europe named  «Huntingdon Life Sciences » that specializes on testing chemicals. Every year millions of innocent and harmless animals die for the sake of scientific research. It is quite understandable if people use animals to create medicine from AIDS or cancer, for example. Then you can easily say that these scientists serve for saving people from dreadful diseases and deaths. But when poor animals are tormented by painful effects of cosmetics testers then a question about reasonability of the mentioned deeds becomes sharp extremely. Animals are compelled to sacrifice themselves loosing their lives and stipulations of normal existence for making people satisfied with a new detergent or night cream, for instance. In this respect, there are several aspects and arguments that support the idea of animal experiments proh ibition. They are the following: Killing animals for experimentations is ethically wrong, because it displays cruelty and callousness of human nature; Animals have their rights that should be respected and protected by people; Carried out researches often do not give required results, that is why they do not worth all expenses and losses. Therefore the main goal of humanity is to decide whether it is more relevant to continue experimentation or fight against it. The solution of that problem can be considered essential, because it refers to the lives of not only people but non-human animals also. According to Monamy (2009), today every student and researcher involved in animal experimentation should consider a number of ethical questions (Monamy, 2009, p.37). A man is the most powerful entity on the planet. That is why his major task is protection of plants and animals that are not able to take care of themselves for saving and passing on this world to the future generations. However , making experiments on helpless animals, people cut, burn, and drown their bodies, feed them with chemicals and drugs that influence on health and comfort dangerously. Moreover, to be able to observe animal’s reaction often researchers damage skin of the creature deliberately and lubricate it with experimental substance, or treat animal’s eyes with a new drops that in the result causes blindness of the poor animal. Sometimes for testing

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Book Review - Essay Example Family theme is portrayed through the care shown to August by his parents and other children. For instance, August was homeschooled by his parents to avoid abuse by other people. The friendship theme is illustrated when August engages with other people reveal his abilities and smartness. He says, â€Å"It’s not enough to be friendly. You have to be a friend (Palacio, 22).† It is apparent that the protagonist did not fear what others say or think about him, exposing his bravery and courageous nature. For instance, the authors states, â€Å"Courage. Kindness. Friendship. Character. These are the qualities that define us as human beings, and propel us, on occasion, to greatness (Palacio, 58).† Palacio is a professional book cover designer known for creating exceptional designs for numerous publishers and authors. She qualifies as being the author having had experience in the industry spanning over 20 years dealing with different authors. The book is clearly organized in 8 parts showing Pullman’s first-person account with the influences of family members and classmates. This expands the story beyond the protagonist’s viewpoint, indicating that his admission at the school does not only affect him, but also the immediate community. The author also develops the themes in a logical manner to enable the audience understand the struggles that people endure in their daily